Tissue expression of GCG - Summary - The Human Protein Atlas

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GCG

TISSUE

SUBCELL

CELL LINE

CANCER

TISSUE ATLAS PRIMARY DATA

GENE/PROTEIN ANTIBODY/ANTIGEN


Dictionary

GENERAL INFORMATION ? »
Protein class Protein class the gene product belongs to according to selected gene lists. List of protein classes. Predicted localization Protein localization predicted from several bioinformatic algorithms. More info... Number of transcripts Number of protein-coding transcribed from this gene as defined by Ensembl.
Gene name	GCG
Gene description	Glucagon
Protein class	Predicted secreted proteins
Predicted localization	Secreted
Number of transcripts	2
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HUMAN PROTEIN ATLAS INFORMATION

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RNA tissue category

HPA:	Tissue enhanced (pancreas)
GTEx:	Tissue enriched (pancreas)

Protein evidence

Evidence at protein level

Protein localization

Selective cytoplasmic expression in subset of cells in islets of Langerhans.

ANTIBODY RELIABILITY ? »
Data reliability description Standardized explanatory sentences with additional information required for full understanding of the knowledge-based expression profile. Currently, not all genes have been analyzed by knowledge-based annotation, indicated by "Pending RNA-based expert annotation", when applicable. Data reliability Data reliability score (score description), divided into supportive (premium) or uncertain (not premium), is based on consistency between the staining pattern of one antibody or several antibodies with RNA-seq data and available gene/protein characterization data.
Data reliability description	Antibody staining consistent with RNA expression data.
Data reliability	Supportive based on 3 antibodies. HPA036760 , HPA036761 , CAB000040
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RNA AND PROTEIN EXPRESSION SUMMARY

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RNA expression (FPKM)

Protein expression (score)

Brain

Cerebral cortex

Hippocampus

N/A

Lateral ventricle

N/A

Cerebellum

N/A

Endocrine tissues

Thyroid gland

Parathyroid gland

N/A

Adrenal gland

Bone marrow & immune system

Appendix

Bone marrow

Lymph node

Tonsil

Spleen

Muscle tissues

Heart muscle

Skeletal muscle

Smooth muscle

Lung

Nasopharynx

N/A

Bronchus

N/A

Lung

Liver & gallbladder

Liver

Gallbladder

Pancreas

Gastrointestinal tract

Oral mucosa

N/A

Salivary gland

Esophagus

Stomach

Duodenum

Small intestine

Colon

Rectum

Kidney & urinary bladder

Kidney

Urinary bladder

Male tissues

Testis

Epididymis

N/A

Prostate

Seminal vesicle

N/A

Female tissues

Breast

N/A

Vagina

N/A

Cervix, uterine

N/A

Endometrium

Fallopian tube

Ovary

Placenta

Adipose & soft tissue

Adipose tissue

Soft tissue

N/A

Skin

PROTEIN EXPRESSION OVERVIEW

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Organ

Expression

RNA EXPRESSION OVERVIEW

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HPA dataset

RNA tissue category:

Tissue enhanced (pancreas)

Organ

Expression

GTEx dataset

RNA tissue category:

Tissue enriched (pancreas)

Organ

Expression

GENE INFORMATION ? »
Gene information from Ensembl and Entrez, as well as links to available gene identifiers are displayed here. Information was retrieved from Ensembl if not indicated otherwise.
Gene name	GCG (HGNC Symbol)
Synonyms	GLP1, GLP2, GRPP
Description	Glucagon (HGNC Symbol)
Entrez gene summary	The protein encoded by this gene is actually a preproprotein that is cleaved into four distinct mature peptides. One of these, glucagon, is a pancreatic hormone that counteracts the glucose-lowering action of insulin by stimulating glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. Glucagon is a ligand for a specific G-protein linked receptor whose signalling pathway controls cell proliferation. Two of the other peptides are secreted from gut endocrine cells and promote nutrient absorption through distinct mechanisms. Finally, the fourth peptide is similar to glicentin, an active enteroglucagon. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Chromosome	2
Cytoband	q24.2
Chromosome location (bp)	162142873 - 162152404
Protein evidence	Evidence at protein level (all genes)
Ensembl	ENSG00000115263 (version 78.38)
Entrez gene	2641
UniProt	P01275 (UniProt - Evidence at protein level)
neXtProt	NX_P01275
Antibodypedia	GCG antibodies

PROTEIN BROWSER

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ENST00000375497		ENST00000418842

PROTEIN INFORMATION

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Splice variant	Ensembl	UniProt	Protein class	Gene ontology	Length (aa)	Molecular mass (kDa)	Signal peptide (predicted)	Transmembrane regions (predicted)
GCG-001	ENSP00000387662 ENST00000418842	P01275 Show all » « Hide P01275 [Direct mapping] Glucagon Glicentin Glicentin-related polypeptide Oxyntomodulin Glucagon Glucagon-like peptide 1 Glucagon-like peptide 1(7-37) Glucagon-like peptide 1(7-36) Glucagon-like peptide 2	Show » « Hide MEMSAT3 predicted membrane proteins Predicted secreted proteins Secreted proteins predicted by MDSEC SignalP predicted secreted proteins Phobius predicted secreted proteins SPOCTOPUS predicted secreted proteins Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014) Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)	Show » « Hide GO:0005102 [receptor binding] GO:0005179 [hormone activity] GO:0005515 [protein binding] GO:0005576 [extracellular region] GO:0005615 [extracellular space] GO:0005737 [cytoplasm] GO:0005788 [endoplasmic reticulum lumen] GO:0005886 [plasma membrane] GO:0006112 [energy reserve metabolic process] GO:0007165 [signal transduction] GO:0007186 [G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway] GO:0007188 [adenylate cyclase-modulating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway] GO:0007631 [feeding behavior] GO:0008283 [cell proliferation] GO:0010737 [protein kinase A signaling] GO:0010800 [positive regulation of peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation] GO:0030819 [positive regulation of cAMP biosynthetic process] GO:0031769 [glucagon receptor binding] GO:0032092 [positive regulation of protein binding] GO:0033138 [positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation] GO:0034774 [secretory granule lumen] GO:0035774 [positive regulation of insulin secretion involved in cellular response to glucose stimulus] GO:0035948 [positive regulation of gluconeogenesis by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter] GO:0042594 [response to starvation] GO:0042802 [identical protein binding] GO:0043066 [negative regulation of apoptotic process] GO:0044267 [cellular protein metabolic process] GO:0044281 [small molecule metabolic process] GO:0045860 [positive regulation of protein kinase activity] GO:0050796 [regulation of insulin secretion] GO:0051571 [positive regulation of histone H3-K4 methylation] GO:0070374 [positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade] GO:0071377 [cellular response to glucagon stimulus] GO:0090280 [positive regulation of calcium ion import] GO:1900118 [negative regulation of execution phase of apoptosis] GO:2001243 [negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway]	180	20.9	Yes	0
GCG-201	ENSP00000364647 ENST00000375497	P01275 Show all » « Hide P01275 [Direct mapping] Glucagon Glicentin Glicentin-related polypeptide Oxyntomodulin Glucagon Glucagon-like peptide 1 Glucagon-like peptide 1(7-37) Glucagon-like peptide 1(7-36) Glucagon-like peptide 2	Show » « Hide MEMSAT3 predicted membrane proteins Predicted secreted proteins Secreted proteins predicted by MDSEC SignalP predicted secreted proteins Phobius predicted secreted proteins SPOCTOPUS predicted secreted proteins Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014) Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)	Show » « Hide GO:0005102 [receptor binding] GO:0005179 [hormone activity] GO:0005515 [protein binding] GO:0005576 [extracellular region] GO:0005615 [extracellular space] GO:0005788 [endoplasmic reticulum lumen] GO:0005886 [plasma membrane] GO:0006112 [energy reserve metabolic process] GO:0007165 [signal transduction] GO:0007186 [G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway] GO:0007188 [adenylate cyclase-modulating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway] GO:0007631 [feeding behavior] GO:0008283 [cell proliferation] GO:0010737 [protein kinase A signaling] GO:0031769 [glucagon receptor binding] GO:0034774 [secretory granule lumen] GO:0035774 [positive regulation of insulin secretion involved in cellular response to glucose stimulus] GO:0042594 [response to starvation] GO:0042802 [identical protein binding] GO:0043066 [negative regulation of apoptotic process] GO:0044267 [cellular protein metabolic process] GO:0044281 [small molecule metabolic process] GO:0050796 [regulation of insulin secretion] GO:0071377 [cellular response to glucagon stimulus]	180	20.9	Yes	0

The Human Protein Atlas project is funded by the Knut & Alice Wallenberg foundation.

Protein class

Predicted localization

Number of transcripts

RNA tissue category

Protein evidence

Protein localization

Data reliability description

Data reliability

RNA expression (FPKM)

Protein expression (score)

HPA dataset

RNA tissue category HPA

GTEx dataset

RNA tissue category GTEx